An element that is associated with a particular entity. Attribute is used interchangeably by some to mean Element.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":19,"Term":"Attribute Category","Acronym":null,"Definition":"A group of related attributes associated with one or more entities.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":24,"Term":"Code Set","Acronym":null,"Definition":"The limited set of value options allowed for a data element. The code set contains numeric or alphanumeric \"codes\" without spaces or special characters for machine readability. CEDS option sets provide a list of codes (code set) and corresponding human readable descriptions/definitions.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":28,"Term":"Conceptual Data Model","Acronym":null,"Definition":"A representation of the major information, entities, and relationships that exist in the world, without attributes and with relationships shown as “one-to-one” only.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":31,"Term":"Data Dictionary","Acronym":null,"Definition":"An agreed-upon set of clearly defined elements, including definitions, and attributes, that comprise an information system. It helps an organization maintain consistency in its information systems. Database users and managers refer to a data dictionary to find out where specific data are located, whether they were reported correctly, how to use them appropriately, and what their values mean.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":33,"Term":"Data Model","Acronym":null,"Definition":"A conceptual, logical, or physical representation of the data elements, entities, and relationships.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":35,"Term":"Data Schema","Acronym":null,"Definition":"A diagram, outline, or data model used to illustrate the pattern or structure of information.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":36,"Term":"Data Standard","Acronym":null,"Definition":"A data standard refers to a commonly agreed upon set of definitions and options for a given selection of data elements, data entities, and relationships. The Common Education Data Standards (CEDS) includes a list of data elements (each with a single common definition), option set (if applicable), and data model showing context and relationships.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":37,"Term":"Denormalization","Acronym":null,"Definition":"A method of designing a data structure to allow redundancy so that a data table can remain flat to optimize performance.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":39,"Term":"Domain","Acronym":null,"Definition":"The management level at which the data are maintained. Domains also correspond with the sector(s) of the P-20 system in which entities exist. (See CEDS Domains)
","URL":null,"Tag":""},{"GlossaryId":51,"Term":"Entity","Acronym":null,"Definition":"Persons, places, events, objects, or concepts about which data can be collected. An entity provides context for a data element.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":54,"Term":"Formative Assessment","Acronym":null,"Definition":"Formative assessment is a process used by teachers and students during instruction that provides feedback to adjust ongoing teaching and learning to improve students’ achievements of intended instructional outcomes.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":57,"Term":"Indicator","Acronym":null,"Definition":"Indicators are measured components of the education system used to monitor areas of interest. Together, a series of well-defined, well-collected indicators can provide a detailed account of a specific aspect of education, such as school crime and safety or early childhood learning for Head Start participants. Indicators can be defined using Connect.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":61,"Term":"Interoperability","Acronym":null,"Definition":"A set of rules, definitions, and transport processes which enable different software systems to share information and work together.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":77,"Term":"Logical Data Model","Acronym":null,"Definition":"Based on the information, entities, and relationships in the conceptual data model, this is a system-agnostic representation that contains attributes, shows cardinality, and uses the commonly-used names for all entities.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":85,"Term":"NCES Handbooks","Acronym":null,"Definition":"NCES developed the Handbooks in the 1970s to improve the consistency of data definitions and data maintenance, so that education data can be more accurately aggregated and analyzed. The Handbooks were intended to serve as a reference document for K-12 public and private education agencies, schools, and other educational institutions, as well as for researchers involved in the collection of education data. The Handbooks was neither a data collection instrument nor did it reflect any type of federal data maintenance requirement. The Handbook elements have been integrated into the CEDS standard or are incorporated via Extend.
","URL":null,"Tag":""},{"GlossaryId":86,"Term":"Normalization","Acronym":null,"Definition":"A method of designing a data structure so that duplicate and redundant data is avoided.
","URL":null,"Tag":""},{"GlossaryId":88,"Term":"Option","Acronym":null,"Definition":"Options are recommended alternatives or responses for a data element. For example, \"Female\" and \"Male\" are options under the data element \"Sex.\" Options are presented in CEDS within an option set with a machine-readable code and human-readable description and/or definition. Options presented in CEDS are generally illustrative of possible values across the identified use cases. In some cases, a subset of options might be sufficient when designing a data system or data collection instrument.
","URL":null,"Tag":""},{"GlossaryId":89,"Term":"Option Set","Acronym":null,"Definition":"The list of machine-readable codes and human-readable descriptions and/or definitions that specify the limited set of value options allowed for a data element.
","URL":null,"Tag":""},{"GlossaryId":91,"Term":"Physical Data Model","Acronym":null,"Definition":"Based on the logical data model, this is focused on implementing the data structure in a particular database environment (Oracle, mySQL, etc.). A physical model addresses the indexing, performance optimization, and normalization or denormalization appropriate for the application. CEDS does not have a physical data model.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":123,"Term":"Transformation Rules","Acronym":null,"Definition":"The rules or functions for data transformation, the process that converts a set of data values from the data format of a source data system into the data format of a destination data system.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":131,"Term":"Align","Acronym":null,"Definition":"Align enables you to align (or map) your data dictionary (element names, definitions and option sets) to CEDS. The alignment creates a map that can be used with CEDS reports to see how your data dictionary aligns with the CEDS standard, or with others in the field. The reports can also help you identify where data elements are missing, or where redundant collection efforts are occurring within your own systems.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":132,"Term":"Code (CEDS naming conventions)","Acronym":null,"Definition":"The representation term \"Code\" is used in the name of CEDS elements with alpha-numeric string values having \"encoded meaning\" or as an abbreviated reference to something else. \"Code\" is sometimes used instead of \"Identifier\" for values used to uniquely identify an entity. However, \"Identifier\" is the preferred term when the value has no encoded meaning.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":133,"Term":"Connect","Acronym":null,"Definition":"Connect allows stakeholders across the P20W spectrum to address, define, and calculate metrics and indicators such as graduation rates, program enrollment, and academic outcomes. It allows you to define and analyze data used for reporting to the Federal government, and is an excellent tool for deconstructing policy or research questions. Connect gives you the ability to search through what others have done already, and includes reports designed to provide you with options for linking CEDS elements across Connections.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":134,"Term":"Data Element (Element) ","Acronym":null,"Definition":"An atomic unit of data that has precise meaning or precise semantics that can be defined and measured.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":135,"Term":"Description (CEDS naming conventions)","Acronym":null,"Definition":"The property term \"Description\" is used in a naming CEDS element that contains open-ended text describing the entity. (\"Description\" is not used for elements with an option set. \"Type\" is used for elements with an option set used to classify or categorize.)
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":136,"Term":"Descriptor (CEDS naming conventions)","Acronym":null,"Definition":"The representation term “Descriptor” is used to identify an element or word that is used to describe, classify, or categorize a CEDS Connection.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":137,"Term":"Early Childhood Integrated Data System (ECIDS)","Acronym":"ECIDS","Definition":"An Early Childhood Integrated Data System (ECIDS) collects, integrates, maintains, stores, and reports information from early childhood programs across multiple agencies within a state that serve children and families from birth to age eight.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":138,"Term":"Element Definition","Acronym":null,"Definition":"A written representation of a data element, a unit of data that can be defined and measured.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":139,"Term":"Element Format","Acronym":null,"Definition":"A description of the form or qualities (i.e., the “type”) that the data element contains. Data element “types” include: Alpha/Numeric (AN): A data element for which any letter or number (or combination of letters and numbers) is appropriate. Generally, this data element type is used when no standard option set exists, or where descriptive information is desired. Date (DT): A data element type that is specifically defined as a date. Generally, the format is specified for the standard, e.g. MMDDYY
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":140,"Term":"Entity Terms (CEDS naming conventions)","Acronym":null,"Definition":"Entity terms are the part of CEDS element names that provide the context for an element.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":141,"Term":"Extend (CEDS naming conventions)","Acronym":null,"Definition":"A CEDS resource that allows users to view elements from other projects such as the NCES Handbooks, SIF Specifications, PESC, and Ed-Fi alongside CEDS elements as part of the CEDS searchable data elements and the Domain Entity Schema.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":142,"Term":"Identifier (CEDS naming conventions)","Acronym":null,"Definition":"The representation term \"Identifier\" is used in the name of CEDS elements intended to uniquely identify an instance of an entity using a number or string of characters.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":143,"Term":"Indicator (CEDS naming conventions)","Acronym":null,"Definition":"The representation term \"Indicator\" is used in CEDS element names for a metric or a proxy that is not expected to change, e.g. attributes of a person or organization.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":144,"Term":"myConnect","Acronym":null,"Definition":"Allows users who have mapped their data systems to CEDS via Align to apply them to a particular CEDS Connection. By using CEDS as a bridge, this allows users to see how the elements in their own data systems might correspond to the elements necessary to answer a particular policy issue or data question.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":145,"Term":"Name (CEDS naming conventions)","Acronym":null,"Definition":"The property term \"Name\" is used in a CEDS element name when the element represents the proper name of a person, legal entity, place, program, organization, or institution.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":146,"Term":"Person (CEDS naming conventions)","Acronym":null,"Definition":"\"Person\" is used as a property term in the name of CEDS elements and in element definitions, rather than \"individual.\"
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":147,"Term":"Property Term (CEDS naming conventions)","Acronym":null,"Definition":"A property term is the part of a CEDS element name that describes an attribute common to all members of an entity (for example, all persons have a date of birth). In the data element names \"Person Middle Name,\" \"Accountability Report Title,\" \"Dental Insurance Coverage Type,\" \"Advance Placement Credits Awarded,\" the terms \"Name,\" \"Title,\" and \"Credits Awarded\" are property terms.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":148,"Term":"Qualifier Terms (CEDS naming conventions)","Acronym":null,"Definition":"A Qualifier is a component of a CEDS element name that may be used to make it clear the element is for a specific domain. \r\n\t\tQualifier terms may appear before or after an entity term as appropriate to convey meaning. \r\n\t\t(CEDS element names are made up of Entity, Qualifier, Property, and Representation terms.)\r\n\t\t
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":149,"Term":"Statewide Longitudinal Data System (SLDS) ","Acronym":null,"Definition":"Statewide Longitudinal Data Systems (in education) are the unit-level data systems designed for the collection, management, analysis, and reporting of statewide education data over time and across programs.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":150,"Term":"Status (CEDS naming conventions)","Acronym":null,"Definition":"CEDS data element names end in “Status” when the kind of information that the data element represents is an attribute that is expected to change over time. Status elements usually include a controlled vocabulary, which may be as simple as “Yes/No” or include multiple options, e.g. “Attendance Status” options include Present, Tardy, and three other options.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":151,"Term":"Third Normal Form","Acronym":null,"Definition":"Third normal form is a normal form that is used in normalizing a database design to reduce the duplication of data and ensure referential integrity by ensuring that (1) the entity is in second normal form, and (2) all the attributes in a table are determined only by the candidate keys of that table and not by any non-prime attributes.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":152,"Term":"Title (CEDS naming conventions)","Acronym":null,"Definition":"The property term \"Title\" is used in a CEDS element name for elements to label things or ideas such as materials, resources, reports, awards, activities, and courses.
","URL":null,"Tag":null},{"GlossaryId":153,"Term":"Type (CEDS naming conventions)","Acronym":null,"Definition":"The property term \"Type\" is used in a naming CEDS element that uses an option set used to classify or categorize.
","URL":null,"Tag":null}]}