General Connection Information

CEDS elements are shown in bold/italicized font. 

This metric is part of the Education-to-Workforce (E-W) Indicator Framework, specifically “System Conditions” which pertain to key institutional or systemic environments, policies, and practices within and across E-W systems that support positive E-W outcomes.

This metric is a measurement for a key indicator "Equitable discipline practices" and measures whether schools treat students similarly and appropriately for disciplinary infractions. 

Calculating a Response

Differences in the rates at which students from key demographic subgroups ever experience different forms of school discipline (office referrals, suspensions, expulsions, restraint, and seclusion) relative to those students’ representation in their school population as a whole. 

NOTE: This Connection can be modified to specify the collection from which the data are being pulled, for example, if your state collects general education and special education data separately.     

Use the following CEDS elements to identify the school year:  

• School Year= most recent school year, representing July 1 through June 30 

Use the following CEDS elements to determine the universe of students:  

• Pull all unique students which is determined by using a unique Student Identifier where Student Identification System = State 

Where the student: 

• is associated with a State Education Agency through the State Agency Identifier where State Agency Identification System = SEA
• is associated with a Local Education Agency through the Local Education Agency Identifier where Local Education Agency Identification System = SEA
• is associated with a K12 school through the School Identifier where School Identification System = SEA 

Determine the proportion of each demographic subgroup from the universe of students: NOTE: Demographic subgroups identified on the E-W Indicator Framework website for this metric include Race, Socioeconomic Background, and Disability Status.  

Demographic Subgroup: Race 

From the universe of students, filter students by race using the following CEDS element:  

• Race = American Indian or Alaska Native
• Race = Asian
• Race = Black or African American
• Race = Demographic Race Two or More Races
• Race = Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
• Race = Race and Ethnicity Unknown
• Race = White
• Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity = Yes

Calculate the percentage of students by racial ethnic group:   

• Count the number of students.
• Count the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students.
• Divide the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students by the number of students and multiply by 100.

Repeat steps 1-3 for each additional Race category.  

Demographic Subgroup: Socioeconomic Background 

From the universe of students, filter students by socioeconomic status using the following CEDS element:  

• Economic Disadvantage Status = Yes 

Calculate the percentage of students by socioeconomic status: 

• Count the number of students.
• Count the number of economically disadvantaged students.
• Divide the number of economically disadvantaged students by the number of students and multiply by 100.

Demographic Subgroup: Disability Status 

From the universe of students, filter students by disability status using the following CEDS elements:  

• Disability Status = Yes
• Status Start Date < the school year being reported
• Status End Date > the school year being reported
• IDEA Indicator = Yes
• Program Participation Begin Date < the school year being reported
• Program Participation End Date > the school year being reported
• 504 Status = Yes
• Status Start Date < the school year being reported
• Status End Date > the school year being reported 

Calculate the percentage of students by disability status:  

• Count the number of students.
• Count the number of students with disabilities.
• Divide the number of students with disabilities by the number of students and multiply by 100. 

Determine the proportion of each demographic subgroup by disciplinary action taken:  

Demographic Subgroup: Race 

Office Discipline Referral: Filter students by: 

• Race = American Indian or Alaska Native, where  
• Disciplinary Action Taken = Office Discipline Referral  
• Count the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students.
• Count the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students who received an office discipline referral.
• Divide the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students who received an office discipline referral by the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students and divide by 100.  
• Repeat steps 1 through 5 for each additional race category. 

Bus Suspension: Filter students by 

• Race = American Indian or Alaska Native, where  
• Disciplinary Action Taken = Bus suspension  
• Count the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students. 
• Count the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students who received a bus suspension. 
• Divide the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students who received a bus suspension by the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students and divide by 100.  
• Repeat steps 1 through 5 for each additional race category. 

Suspension, after school: Filter students by 

• Race = American Indian or Alaska Native, where 
• Disciplinary Action Taken = Suspension, after school  
• Count the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students. 
• Count the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students who received after school suspension. 
• Divide the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students who received after school suspension by the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students and divide by 100.  
• Repeat steps 1 through 5 for each additional race category. 

Suspension, in-school: Filter students by 

• Race = American Indian or Alaska Native, where 
• Disciplinary Action Taken = Suspension, in-school  
• Count the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students. 
• Count the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students who received in-school suspension. 
• Divide the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students who received in-school suspension by the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students and divide by 100.  
• Repeat steps 1 through 5 for each additional race category. 

Suspension, out of school: Filter students by 

• Race = American Indian or Alaska Native, where 
• Disciplinary Action Taken =  
• Suspension, out of school, greater than 10 consecutive school days; or  
• Suspension, out of school, separate days cumulating to more than 10 school days; or 
• Suspension, out of school, with services; or 
• Suspension, out of school, without services. 
• Count the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students. 
• Count the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students who received any type of out of school suspension.  
• Divide the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students who received any type of out of school suspension by the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students and divide by 100. 
• Repeat steps 1 through 5 for each additional race category. 

Expulsion: Filter students by  

• Race = American Indian or Alaska Native, where 
• Disciplinary Action Taken = 
• Change of placement (reassignment), resulting from an expulsion hearing; or 
• Expulsion with services; or 
• Expulsion without services. 
• Count the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students. 
• Count the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students who received any type of expulsion.  
• Divide the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students who received any type of expulsion and divide by 100. 
• Repeat steps 1 through 5 for each additional race category. 

Restraint, and Seclusion: Filter students by 

• Race = American Indian or Alaska Native, where  
• Disciplinary Action Taken = Mechanical restraint; Physical restraint; or Seclusion 
• Count the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students. 
• Count the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students who received mechanical or physical restraint.  
• Divide the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students who received mechanical or physical restraint by the number of American Indian or Alaska Native students and divide by 100. 

NOTE: In your state, if restraint and seclusion are (1) not considered disciplinary actions and/or (2) not included in your SLDS, then use whatever system is the source for the data.   

• Repeat steps 1 through 5 for each additional race category. 

Repeat the process used above for the remaining demographic subgroups (Socioeconomic Background and Disability Status).  

Once you have calculated the discipline rates for each demographic subgroup, compare the rates to identify disparities.  

Disaggregate by Sex

*Note: CEDS does not have a Gender element. While Sex is not a proxy for Gender it is the closest approximation currently available.

*Note: Male + Female will not always equal 100% for states that have more choices beyond male and female.

Use the following CEDS elements to disaggregate the final set of students by Sex: 

• Sex = Male, Female, or Not Selected

Disaggregate by Urbanicity

Use the following CEDS element to disaggregate the final set of students by Urbancity. 

• Rural Residency Status = Yes (indicating Rural) or No (indicating Urban)

Disaggregate by Parental Education Level

Use the following CEDS element to disaggregate the final set of students by Parental Education Level:

• Highest Level of Education Completed = Determine what the highest level of education completed is for the parents/guardians of the student

Disaggregate by Migrant Family Household

Use the following CEDS elements to disaggregate the final set of students by Migrant Family Household:

• Migrant Status = Yes, No
• Program Participation Start Date < the school year being reported
• Program Participation Exit Date > the school year being reported

Disaggregate by English Learner

Use the following CEDS elements to disaggregate the final set of students by English Learner:

• English Learner Status = Yes, No
• Program Participation Start Date ≤ the school year being reported
• Program Participation Exit Date ≥ the school year being reported

Disaggregate by School Type

Use the following CEDS elements to disaggregate the final set of students by K12 School Type:

• Charter School Type = School Charter or College University or NA; and
• School Type = Regular, Special, Career and Technical, Alternative or Reportable
• Administrative Funding Control = Public School, Private School, or Other
• Organization Type = K12 School, Education Institution

Disaggregate by Age Group

Use the following CEDS element to disaggregate the final set of students by Age Group:

• Birthdate = Age as of October 1 of the school year being reported

Disaggregate by Individuals or Family Military Status

Use the following CEDS elements to disaggregate the final set of students by Individuals or Family Military Status:

• Military Connected Student Indicator = Not Military, Active Duty, National Guard or Reserve, or Unknown

Disaggregate by Justice Involvement

Use the following CEDS elements to disaggregate the final set of students by Justice Involvement:

• Disciplinary Action Taken = 03088 (Juvenile Justice Referral), 03089 (Law enforcement referral), or 75000 (Placed in juvenile detention center)
• Disciplinary Action Start Date < the school year being reported
• Disciplinary Action End Date > the school year being reported

Disaggregate by Individual with Current or Past Child Welfare Involvement

Use the following CEDS elements to disaggregate the final set of students by Individual with Current or Past Child Welfare Involvement:

• Program Type = 75000 (Foster Care)
• Student Support Service Type = 00295 (Children’s protective services)
• Program Participation Start Date < the school year being reported
• Program Participation Exit Date ≥ the school year being reported

Disaggregate by Home Language

Use the following CEDS elements to disaggregate the final set of students by Home Language:

• Language Type = Home Language; and
• ISO 639-3 Language Code ≠ Eng; and/or
• English Learner Status = Yes

Disaggregate by Homelessness

Use the following CEDS elements to disaggregate the final set of students by Homelessness:

• Homelessness Status = Yes
• Homeless Serviced Indicator = Yes
• Status Start Date ≤ the school year being reported
• Status End Date ≥ the school year being reported

Disaggregate by Income Level

Use the following CEDS elements to disaggregate the final set of students by Income Level:

• Eligibility Status for School Food Service Programs = Free, Full price, Reduced price, Other
• Low-income Status = Yes, or No